Analysis of Predictable-Delta Goodrem

Duration

·         In simple time of 4/4

·         At a moderate pace

·         Tempo remains the same throughout entire song although appreas to sound faster in chours’

·         Time signature also stays the same.

·         Accompaniments rhythms repeat throughout verses, although change in the chorus

·         Straight rhythm

·         4 different rhythmis layers.

Pitch

·         Minor

·         Melody is disjunct

·         Accompaniment is fairly conjunct.

Texture

·         Piano, bass guitar, vocals, BV, violins, flute, drums

·         Homophonic

·         The texture is dense

·         The texture doesn’t vary alot, although the main change between chorus and verses is the build up in instruments as leading into the chorus.

Tone Colour

·         Piano, bass guitar, vocals, BV, violins, flute, drums

·         The sound produced if rich and full. In verses there is more of a focus on the vocals, as to the chorus where everyone is playing at the same loudness.

·         These crescendos alter the sound of the instruments.

Dynamic and Expressive Techniques

·         Begins soft and mysterical, with only vocals piano bass and soft percussions. Ass each instrument is added in the volume begins to get louder and dramatically increases in the chorus. It is then brought back down in the verses.

·         Vocals use many expressive techniques such as staccatos on specific notes and slurs to portray a different idea. Melismas are also used and can be identified specifically at the end of the piece.

Structure

·         Intro, Verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge,chorus

Viva Voce-Blue King Brown

Australian Music

An examination of the concepts of music used in Blue King Brown

Come and Check Your Head	One Day
Duration: ·         How different instruments create syncopation in the song ·         0.56 (drums & percussion) ·         0.48 (guitar)	Duration: ·         Repeated rhythmic patterns (ostinatos) ·         0.38 & 1.00
Texture: ·         How the texture remains thick ·         2.26	Texture: ·         How the texture changes-thickens and thins ·         1.24, 3.45, 4.48 & 3.11
Tone Colour: ·         Different instruments, their roles and how they are played ·         0.19 (rimclick) & 0.06 (skin)	Tone Colour: ·         The different instruments and their roles ·         0.33 & 0.49
Pitch: ·         Repeated rhythms in different sections ·         0.56 (chorus) & 1.33 (pre-chorus)	Pitch: ·         Melody range is not very broad ·         Repeated lyrics-1.37
Dynamics & Expressive Techniques: ·         How the drums create dynamics ·         2.28 & 3.00	Dynamics & Expressive Techniques: ·         How dynamics are created ·         2.26
Structure: ·         How the drums separate each section and its different rhythms ·         0.55	Structure: ·         Different sections and how they are determined ·         3.21, 3.42 & 0.38

Come and Check Your Head:

One Day:

Concepts of Music

Concepts of Music-Review

Duration

• ·       Rhythm

o   Repetition

o   Who has the melody and rhythm

o   Time signature-beats in a bar 4/4, 3/4 (Waltz), 2/4/-simple and 12/8, 6/8, 7/8-compound

• ·       Syncopation-off beats (weak beats)
• ·       Lengths of notes and rests-semibreve and minim (long note duration) etc. long and short notes are often contrasted

o   Accents, staccatos and tenuto

o   Articulation affects the lengths of notes and rests

"Water"-Blue King Brown uses syncopation at 0.23 and keyboard ostinato at 0.33

"A-Punk"-Vampire Weekend uses articulation at 0.10 (guitar plays notes of short value)

Dynamics and Expressive Techniques

• Volume level

o   Forte (loud), piano (soft)

o   Crescendo

o   Decrescendo

o   Sforzando

o   Ornamentation

• ·       Expressive techniques and effects

o   Articulation

§  Vocal melismas

§  Mute

§  Glissando

§  Pizzicato

§  Flutter tonguing

§  Trill

§  Tenuto

"Blackbird" by Katie Noonan-vocal melisma at 2.45

"Sing, Sing, Sing"-at 1.33 the trumpets use mutes to play their melody and create interest.

• ·       Pauses/silences

o   Often used to separate (differ) sections

"Revolution" by The Beatles, uses a pause/silence at 1.01 to differ the verse from the chorus.

• ·       Stylistic indications e.g. dolce, marcato

o   Changes in tempo

• ·       Ornamentation

o   How the note is decorated e.g. trill, glissando, roll

• ·       Phrasing

o   How phrases are marked

• ·       Electronic manipulation of sound

o   Guitar pedal

o   Amp

Pitch

• ·       Highness and lowness of sounds
• ·       Range

o   distance between the highest and lowest note

o   can be whole ensemble or one part

"Daniel"-Lior. Broad vocal range at 0.53

• ·       melody and harmonies-steps/leaps, repetition, tonality
• ·       tonality -major/minor/other (atonal)

"Symphony no. 9 in A minor" By Beethoven is a piece with a minor key

"Symphony no. 41 in C major" (4th movement) by Mozart is a piece with a major key

• ·       dissonant (clashing and ugly) or consonant (pretty)

Structure

• ·       the way a piece of music is laid out/written

o   binary

o   ternary

o   ABA

o   ABAC

o   Sonata

o   Fugal

o   Strophic

o   Rondo

o   12 bar blues

"Jailhouse Rock" by Elvis Presley is a song that uses the 12 bar blues in the electric guitar line. 

• ·       Repetition

o   Repeated sections

o   Repeated melodies/harmonies/riffs

• ·       Develops themes and motifs in the music which could be repeated
• ·       Creates contrast and interest

"Moment in the Sun"-The Living End. Drums play a fill at 0.08 and 1.12 to separate the previous section from the new one and to lead into this new section. 

Texture

• ·       Layers of sound and their role
• ·       Densities of sound

o   Solid

o   Thin

o   Sparse

o   Rich

o   Airy etc

• ·       Monophonic

o   one layer of sound (solo)

"Ocean" by John Butler is monophonic

• ·       Homophonic

o   two layers of sound (melody and accompaniment)

o   most common

"The Entertainer" by Scott Joplin is homophonic

• ·       Polyphonic

o   Many layers of sound of equal importance

"Canon" by Johann Pachelbel is polyphonic

• ·       Relationships between layers

Tone Colour

• ·       How instruments sound
• ·       What you are hearing
• ·       How is the sound made

"Rabbit Song" by Boy & Bear. At 0.40 the drums play a rim click (hitting the drum on the edge, not the skin). This gives a different tone colour. 

o   blown (reed, no reed)

o   pluck or bow or strum

o   hit with a mallet or hand, something plastic or fluffy etc

"War" by Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, has a brassy tone colour especially the trumpet (main melody)

• ·       The instruments

o   start at ensemble and then work down to families and then individual instruments

§  families:

·       woodwind

·       brass

·       percussion

·       string

·       voices

Analysis of Shout-Johnny O'Keefe

1950's-Johnny O'Keefe, Shout



Tone Colour

• The instruments used in Shout, include:
• Drums-hit with sticks
• Main (male) vocals-sung, sounds husky and shouted
• Male backing vocals-sung, kind of shouted but still sound fairly smooth
• Electric guitar-strummed
• Tenor and alto saxophone-played using a reed 
• Bass guitar-plucked
• The band that accompanies Johnny O'Keefe is one that was commonly used in the 50's era.

Texture 

• It has a homophonic texture (accompaniment and melody). The main vocals has the melody and all the other instruments and backing vocals have the accompaniment.
• The main vocals have the main melody
• The band and backing vocals have the accompaniment
• Overall the texture is fairly thick
• The texture changes in the bridge where the dynamics are decreased therefore forming a thinner texture

Duration

• The tempo is quite fast, however it slows down in a new section that occurs after the first verse. The speed then returns to its original pace in the pre-chorus
• Time signature is common time-simple time signature
• The accompanyment is syncopated
• The backing vicals repeat they word 'hey' in the verse, 'shout' in the chorus and 'say' in the verse as well.
• The drums play a simple rock beat but at a fairly fast speed.
• The bass guitar plays an ostinato throughout the whole song.

Dynamics and Expressive Techniques

• The dynamics are fairly loud throughout the whole song except at 3 minutes where there is a huge decrescendo that the whole band is involved in. It then cresecendos to lead into the outro of the song. The lyrics used also relate to the dynamics, as when it decrescendos the lyrics are 'and a little bit softer now' and when it crescendos the lyrics are 'and a little bit louder now'. This technique is known as word painting.
• The backing vocals use staccatos and accents to emphasise the 'say', 'shout' and 'hey' parts
• At the beginning Johnny uses a vocal melisma as he sings 'well'

Pitch

• The tonality is major
• The melody is conjuct; moves in leaps.
• The accompaniment moves in steps
• The range of the melody is quite broad as it moves in leaps
• The main vocal lyrics 'come on now' are repeated several times in the piece of music

Structure

• Intro, verse, chorus, bridge and additional sections
• Each section is usually between 4 and 8 bars
• Lyrics and accompanying rhythms are repeated in each chorus
• The bridge is a totally new melody and accompaniment and therefore we can determine that it is the bridge

Characteristics of Australian Music

1950s:

·         The music was influenced through war (World War II) and the teenagers of that time hadn’t been through the emotions involved in war and were looking for some excitement which they found through popular music

·         Saxophone, folksinger and doo-wop sounds were quite popular in this era

·         Light melodies and sweet lyrics were both characteristics of the music from the 1950s

·         Live bands were always used as they were required to produce full sound as recordings were not around yet

·         Almost 100% of the time there was either an acoustic or an electric guitar accompanying the main vocal melody

·         Simple time signatures, most often common time

·         Ostinatos were used often by the accompanying instruments (guitar, drums and bass) and were quite simple

·         The melody moves in steps(conjunct) not leaps and the vocals most often have the main melody and there was only one main singer as opposed to many

·         Homophonic texture-melody and accompaniment-vocals and guitar + drums

·        

1960s:

·         The British invasion influenced Australian music in this Era as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones became more popular and very influential

·         Psychedelic and acid rock movements became popular in Australia due to events such as the Vietnam War, protests and the new drug-culture scene.

·         Acoustic guitar played more often, other than electric

·         A piano was used instead of a keyboard in some cases, but definitely not all

·         In every genre, a simple drum beat was played; mostly it was a simple rock beat.

·         All instruments played mostly all the time, which creates a much fuller sound and thick texture

1970s:

·         Progressive rock was invented around this time.

·         Electrical based instruments e.g electrical keyboards and animated sounds were used.

·          The harmonies are quite simple, drums are emphasized in the chorus and the chorus is generally contains a crescendo.

·          Electric guitar was introduced and emphasized in this era. This was the decade of really experimenting between loud rock sounds and soft.

1980s:

·         Heavy electric guitar sounds and strong beat were significant

·         The electric guitar became the main form of accompaniment, with it being played quite loud and with the melody quite often. It also commonly played solos.

·         Frequently there would be more than one guitar playing in one band or group

·         Basic rock beat on drums was used to keep a steady pulse

·         Vocal experimentation

·         Horns became more popular as they created more interest

·         Simple time signature, most often 4/4

·         Repetition was used a lot especially in rock music to enforce ideas

·         In the late 80s a sudden burst of interest for female singers came about

·      During this era, artists also had to battle new technologies as they were being produced rapidly and becoming more and more popular. This was also around the time that video hits began so artists had to produce videos for their music if they wanted more popularity

1990s:

·         Still a simple rock beat played on drums but with more fills between sections

·         Very heavy guitar sound but not in all sections, mostly in choruses

·         Keyboard, bass guitar and electric guitar; the normal accompaniment of a rock/pop band

·         The keyboard began to become more popular in melodies than the electric guitar

·         Keyboard and guitar solos became well-liked

·         Simple rock beat on drums began to get more complex with the rest of the kit being used a lot more.

·         Main vocals are not backed up during verses as much as they are in choruses. This adds emphasis in the chorus and also creates interest through different tone colour and texture.

·         More alternative music became popular as did music and videos for young children, like The Wiggles and Hi-5

2000s:

·         Artists of this era commonly produced covers of a older bands to re-instate new characteristics and make it their own

·         Electronic, dance and rap music became very fashionable

·         More complex drum rhythms used and rhythms that vary from section to section and also used to differentiate sections

·         Unusual instruments for a rock band became known, such as; horns, strings and several different percussion instruments. The use of these instruments adds tone colour, thickens the texture, creates interest and keeps the listener intrigued in the music

·         Synthesised sounds used a lot

·         More focus is on the main vocals and melody rather than the accompaniment

·         Singer and accompaniment songs  (e.g. guitar and vocals or piano and vocals) became very well-liked

Australian Popular Music Artists




Slim Dusty

 

Australian Artists



1950s:

• Col Joy and the Joy Boys
• Johnny O'Keefe
• Slim Dusty
  

The Seekers

 

1960s:

• The Seekers 
• Easy Beats
• The Bee Gees

• Little Paddie

• Paul Kelly



Skyhooks

 

 1970s:

• Peter Allen
• Olivia Newton-John                     
• John Farnham
• Sherbets
• Sky Hooks
• AC/DC
  
  
  

1980s:

Midnight Oil

• Midnight Oil
• INXS   
• Cold Chisel
• Tina Arena              



Missy Higgins

1990s:

• Powderfinger
• Crowded House  
• Silverchair
• Kylie Minogue             

 

2000s:

• Missy Higgins
• Guy Sebastian
• Delta Goodrem
• Hilltop Hoods  
• Katie Noonan  
• The Veronicas